PH-100 Physics
Vector algebra, Motion of Particle in one, two and three dimensions, Projectile
motion, Uniform Circular motion, Force , mass, Newton’s laws, Tension and Normal
force, Frictional forces, Concept of free body diagram, Electrostatic force, electrostatic
field, Electric dipole, Electric flux, Gauss ‘s law, Electrostatic potential, magnetic
field, Biot-Savart law, Effect of magnetic field on current carrying conductors,
Ampere’s Law, How magnetism is used in a computer, Band theory, Insulators, metals,
semiconductors, doped semiconductors, The p-n junction, The junction rectifier,
LED, Transistor.
PH-103 Applied Physics
Vector algebra, Motion in two and three dimensions, Force and motion, Newton’s laws,
Application of Newton’s second law for some specific forces, Friction, Rotation,
Moment of inertia, Torque, Rotational Energy, Simple Harmonic Motion, Waves, Waves
speed, Energy and Power of traveling waves, Doppler’s effect. Electrostatic force,
electrostatic field, Electric dipole, Electric flux, Gauss ‘s law, Electrostatic
potential, magnetic field, Biot-Savart law, Effect of magnetic field on current
carrying conductors, Ampere’s Law, Magnetic dipole, Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction, Energy stored in electric and magnetic fields, Introduction to solid
state Physics, Superconductivity, Semiconductors and Modern trends in Atomic Physics.
PH-107 Physics I – Basic Mechanics
Vector and Scalars, Motions in 2 and 3 dimensions, projectile motion, uniform circular
motion, Force and acceleration, Newton’s laws, frictional force, Work, Energy, Kinetic
and Potential Energy, Gravitational force, Conservation of energy, Rotational motion,
Angular velocity, Torque, Rotational Inertia, Oscillations, Simple Harmonic motion,
Harmonic Oscillator, Waves, Transverse and Longitudinal waves, Wave speed, Energy
and Power of Waves, Standing Waves. Inertial and non-inertial frame, Postulates
of Relativity, The Lorentz Transformation, Relativity of time, Relativity of length,
Relativity of mass, Transformation of velocity, variation of mass with velocity,
mass energy relation and its importance, relativistic momentum and Relativistic
energy.
PH-108 Physics II – Electricity and Magnetism
Electric charge, Coulomb's Law, Electric field, electric flux, Gauss's Law, Electric
potential, Capacitors, Electric current, Ohm's law, Magnetic fields, Ampere's Law,
Inductors, Faraday's Law, DC Circuits, Energy stored in magnetic fields, magnetic
materials, induced magnetic fields. The Electromagnetic Model, Vector Analysis,
Static Electric Fields, Solution of Electrostatic Problems, Steady Electric Currents.
Electromagnetic waves, Poynting vector, Interference, Diffraction. Alternating Fields
and Currents, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism, Hysteresis.
PH-201 Heat and Thermodynamics
Basic Concepts and Definitions in Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic system, Surrounding
and Boundaries. Type of systems, Macroscopic and microscopic description of system,
Heat and Temperature: Temperature, Kinetic theory of ideal gas, Work done on an
ideal gas, First law of thermodynamics and its applications to adiabatic, isothermal,
cyclic and free expansion. Reversible and irreversible processes, Second law of
thermodynamics, Carnot theorem and Carnot engine. Heat engine, Entropy and Second
law of thermodynamics, Entropy and Probability, Thermodynamic Functions: Thermodynamic
functions, Introduction to Statistical Mechanics, Mean free path and microscopic
calculations of mean free path. Distribution of Molecular Speeds, Distribution of
Energies, Maxwell distribution, Maxwell Boltzmann energy distribution
PH-202 Waves and Oscillations
Simple and Damped Simple Harmonic Oscillation, Mass-Spring System, Simple Harmonic
Oscillator Equation, Complex Number Notation, LC Circuit, Simple Pendulum, Quality
Factor, LCR Circuit. Forced Damped Harmonic Oscillation, Coupled Oscillations, Transverse
Waves, Longitudinal Waves, Traveling Waves, Standing Waves in a Finite Continuous
Medium, Traveling Waves in an Infinite Continuous Medium, Energy Conservation, Transmission
Lines, Reflection and Transmission at Boundaries, Electromagnetic Waves. Wave Pulses:
Multi-Dimensional Waves, Interference and Diffraction of Waves
PH-203 Modern Physics
Motivation for Non--Classical Physics, Wave-Particle Duality, Quantum Mechanics
in One Dimension
Quantum Mechanical Tunneling, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, production and
properties of X-rays, diffraction of X-rays, concept of matter waves, deBroglie
relationship, The concept of a wave function, time independent Schrodinger equation
and interpretation of the equation, solving the Schrodinger equation for a free
particle, Concept of tunneling, reflection and transmission of wave functions from
barriers The Hydrogen atom, orbitals, angular momentum and its quantization, orbital
magnetism, Zeeman effect, concept of spin, Pauli’s exclusion principle, Building
of the periodic table, Quantum Mechanics in Three Dimensions: , From Atoms to Molecules
and Solids: Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, Nuclear Structure: Size
and structure of nucleus, nuclear forces,
PH-204 Classical Mechanics
Review of Newtonian Mechanics: Frame of reference, orthogonal transformations, angular
velocity and angular acceleration, Newton’s laws of motion, Galilean transformation,
conservation laws, The Motion of Rigid Bodies: The Euler angles, rotational kinetic
energy and angular momentum, the inertia tensor, Euler equations of motion, motion
of a torque-free symmetrical top, Central Force Motion: The two-body problem, effective
potential and classification of orbits, Kepler’s laws, Motion in Non-inertial Systems:
Accelerated translational co-ordinate system, dynamics in rotating co-ordinate system,
The Lagrange Formulation of Mechanics and Hamilton Dynamics: Generalized co-ordinates
and constraints, D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s Equations, Hamilton’s principle,
integrals of motion, nonconservative system and generalized potential
PH-205 Electrodynamics
The Dirac Delta Function: Review of vector calculus using example of Dirac Delta
function, Electrostatics: The electric field: introduction, Coulomb’s law, the electric
field, continuous charge distributions. Divergence and curl of electrostatic fields:
field lines, flux and Gauss’s law, the divergence of E, applications of Gauss’s
law, the curl of E. Electric potential: introduction to potential, comments on potential,
Poisson’s equation and Laplace’s equation. The Method of Images, Multi-pole Expansion:
Polarization: dielectrics, induced dipoles, alignment of polar molecules, polarization,
Magnetostatics: The Lorentz Force law: magnetic fields, magnetic forces, currents.
The Biot-Savart Law: steady currents, the magnetic field of a steady current. Magnetic
Fields in Matter: Magnetization, diamagnets, paramagnets, ferromagnets, torques
and forces on magnetic dipoles, effect of a magnetic field on atomic orbits, magnetization.
PH-301 Methods of Mathematical Physics
Review of vector analysis: definitions, Differential operators, gradient, divergence,
curl, integration of vector fields, Gauss' theorem, Stokes' theorem, Gauss' law,
Poisson's equation
Vector analysis in curvilinear coordinates, orthogonal coordinates Determinants,
matrices, orthogonal and unitary matrices, matrix diagonalization Finite and infinite
sequences, limit of a sequence Fourier series and analysis, use and application
to physical systems Complex algebra, functions of a complex variable, Cauchy-Riemann
conditions, integration of complex
PH-302 Physical Electronics
The crystal lattice, basic quantum mechanics, energy bands, elemental semiconductors,
compound semiconductors, alloys, semiconductors electrons, holes, density-of-states,
effective mass, carrier concentration, doping, recombination, the Fermi energy,
quasi-Fermi energies, mobility, conductivity, Hall effect, optical properties of
semiconductors, carrier drift and diffusion. Diodes (pn junction, Schottky, LED’s,
laser diodes, solar cells and photodiodes), bipolar transistors, field effect transistors:
JFET’s, MESFETs, MODFETs and MOSFET’s.
PH-303 Quantum Mechanics I
Historical motivation: wave-particle duality, photo-electric effect, instability
of atoms, black body catastrophe. Observables and operators, postulates of mechanics,
measurement problems, the state function and expectation values, Schrödinger wave
equation, Time-independent Schrödinger equation and one-dimensional problems, stationary
states, superposition principle, free particles, infinite and finite square well,
harmonic oscillator, and delta-function potential. Hilbert space, Dirac notation,
linear transformations, discrete and continuous basis vectors, hermitian and unitary
operators, Waves incident on potential barrier, reflection and transmission coefficients,
WKB method. Quantum mechanics in three-dimensions, cartesian and spherical forms
of Schrodinger equation, separation of variables, Rotational symmetry, angular momentum
as a generator of rotations, spherical harmonics and their properties. Completeness
and orthonormality properties.
PH-304 Circuit Electronics
Ohm’s law, Kirchoff’s voltage and current laws, the superposition principle, Source
transformation, maximum power transfer theorem, Thevenin-Norton equivalent circuits,
linear system analysis basics. Introduction to semiconductors, intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors, Ideal diodes, terminal characteristics of junction diodes, Basic
principles of pn junctions, built-in potential, Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT),,
Basic operational amplifiers inverting and non-inverting, differential modes, gain
and bandwidth, frequency response Principles of feedback
PH-305 Electromagnetic and Relativity Theory
Electrodynamics: Electromotive force: Ohm’s law, electromotive force, motional emf,
electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law, Conservation Laws: Charge and energy:
the continuity equation, Poynting’s theorem, momentum: Newton’s third law in electrodynamics,
Electromagnetic Waves: Waves in one dimension: the wave equation, sinusoidal waves,
boundary conditions, reflection and transmission, polarization Potentials and Fields:
The potential formulation: scalar and vector potentials, gauge transformations,
Coulomb gauge and Lorentz gauge, Radiation, Dipole Radiation: What is radiation,
electric dipole radiation, magnetic dipole radiation, radiation from an arbitrary
source, Electrodynamics and Relativity: The special theory of relativity: Einstein’s
postulates, the geometry of relativity, the Lorentz transformations
PH-307 Methods of Mathematical and Computational Physics
Vector spaces, basis vectors, linear independence, function spaces. Review of differentiation
and integration, continuity and differentiability, firstorder differential equations,
general solution by integration, uniqueness property. Second order differential
equations with constant coefficients, Euler linear equations, singular points, series
solution by Frobenius' method, Second order linear partial differential equations,
Laplace equation, wave equation, solution of Poisson equation, Definition of probability,
simple properties, random variables, binomial distribution, Poisson and Gaussian
distributions, central limit theorem, statistics.
PH-308 Quantum Mechanics II
Motion of a particle in a central potential. Separation of variables, effective
potential, solution for the Coulomb problem.Spin as an internal degree of freedom,
intrinsic magnetic moment, Identical particles: Many-particle systems, system of
distinguishable noninteracting particles, systems of identical particles, Scattering:
Classical scattering theory, The variational principle: Variational theorem, variational
approximation method, the ground state of helium atom.The WKB approximation: WKB
wave functions, Time-dependent perturbation theory, Time-independent perturbation
theory: Nondegenerate perturbation theory, degenerate perturbation theory.
PH-309 Solid State Physics I
Crystal Structure: Lattices and basis, Symmetry operations, Fundamental Types of
Lattice, Position and Orientation of Planes in Crystals, Simple crystal structures,
Crystal Diffraction and Reciprocal Lattice: Diffraction of X-rays, Neutrons and
electrons from crystals; Bragg’s law; Reciprocal lattice, Ewald construction and
Brillouin zone, Fourier Analysis of the Basis., Phonons and Lattice, Thermal Properties
of Solids: , Electrical Properties of Metals: Classical free electron theory of
metals, energy levels and density of orbital’s in one dimension, effect of temperature
on the Fermi–Dirac distribution function, properties of the free electron gas, electrical
conductivity and Ohm’s Law,
PH-310 Atomic and Molecular Physics
One Electron Atoms: Review of Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom, Reduced Mass, Atomic
Units and Wavenumbers, Energy Levels and Spectra, Schrodinger Equation for One-Electron
Atoms, Quantum Angular Momentum and Spherical Harmonics, Electron Spin, Spin-Orbit
interaction. Levels and Spectroscopic Notation, Lamb Shift, Hyperfine Structure
and Isotopic Shifts. Rydberg Atoms. Interaction of One-Electron Atoms with Electromagnetic
Radiation: Radiative Transition Rates, Dipole Approximation, Einstein Coefficients,
Selection Rules, Dipole Allowed and Forbidden Transitions. Metastable Levels, Line
Intensities and Lifetimes of Excited States, Shape and Width of Spectral Lines,
Scattering of Radiation by Atomic Systems, Zeeman Effect, Linear and Quadratic Stark
Effect. Many-Electron Atoms: Schrodinger Equation for Two-Electron Atoms, Para and
Ortho States, Pauli’s Principle and Periodic Table, Coupling of Angular Momenta,
L-S and J-J Coupling. Ground State and Excited States of Multi-Electron Atoms, Configurations
and Terms. Molecular Structure and Spectra: Structure of Molecules, Covalent and
Ionic Bonds, Electronic Structure of Diatomic Molecules, Rotation and Vibration
of Diatomic Molecules, Born-Oppenheimer Approximation. Electronic Spectra, Transition
Probabilities and Selection Rules, Frank- Condon Principle, H2+ and H2. Effects
of Symmetry and Exchange. Bonding and Anti-bonding Orbitals. Electronic Spin and
Hund’s Cases, Nuclear Motion: Rotation and Vibrational Spectra (Rigid Rotation,
Harmonic Vibrations). Selection Rules. Spectra of Triatomic and Polyatomic Molecules,
Raman Spectroscopy, Mossbauer Spectroscopy
PH-311 Nuclear Physics
History: Starting from Bacqurel’s discovery of radioactivity to Chedwick’s neutron.
Basic Properties of Nucleus: Nuclear size, mass, binding energy, nuclear spin, magnetic
dipole and electric quadrupole moment, parity and statistics. Nuclear Forces: Yukawa's
theory of nuclear forces. Nucleon scattering, charge independence and spin dependence
of nuclear force, isotopic spin. Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model, Fermi gas model,
Shell model, Collective model.
Theories of Radioactive Decay: Theory of Alpha decay and explanation of observed
phenomena, measurement of Beta ray energies, the magnetic lens spectrometer, Fermi
theory of Beta decay, Neutrino hypothesis, theory of Gamma decay, multipolarity
of Gamma rays, Nuclear isomerism.
Nuclear Reactions: Conservation laws of nuclear reactions, Q-value and threshold
energy of nuclear reaction, energy level and level width, cross sections for nuclear
reactions, compound nucleolus theory of nuclear reaction and its limitations, direct
reaction, resonance reactions, Breit-Wigner one level formula including the effect
of angular momentum
PH-401 Statistical Mechanics
Review of Classical Thermodynamics: States, macroscopic vs. microscopic, "heat"
and "work", energy, entropy, equilibrium, laws of thermodynamics, Equations of state,
thermodynamic potentials, temperature, pressure, chemical potential, thermodynamic
processes (engines, refrigerators), Maxwell relations, phase equilibria. Foundation
of Statistical Mechanics: Phase Space, Trajectories in Phase Space, Conserved Quantities
and Accessible Phase Space, Macroscopic Measurements and Time Averages, Ensembles
and Averages over Phase Space, Liouville's Theorem, and examples (e.g. adsorption),
calculation of partition function and thermodynamic quantities. Simple Applications
of Ensemble Theory: Monoatomic ideal gas in classical and quantum limit, Gibb’s
paradox and quantum mechanical enumeration of states, equipartition theorem and
examples (ideal gas, harmonic oscillator), specific heat of solids, quantum mechanical
calculation of para-magnetism, Quantum Statistics.
PH-402 Solid State Physics II
Dielectric Properties of Solids: Polarization, Depolarization, Local and Maxwell
field, Lorentz field, Clausius-Mossotti relation, Dielectric Constant and Polarizability,
Masurement of dielectric constant, ferro electricity and ferroelectric crystals,
Phase Transitions, First and 2nd order phase transitions, Applications Semiconductors:
General properties of semiconductors, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, their
band structure, carrier statistics in thermal equilibrium, band level treatment
of conduction in semiconductors and junction diodes, diffusion and drift currents,
collisions and recombination times Optical Properties: Interaction of light with
solids, Optical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals, Kramers Kronnig Relation, Excitons,
Raman Effect in crystals, optical spectroscopy of solids. Magnetic Properties of
Materials: Magnetic dipole moment and susceptibility, different kinds of magnetic
materials, Langevin diamagnetic equation, Paramagnetic equation and Curie law, Classical
and quantum approaches to paramagnetic materials. Ferro-magnetic and anti – ferromagnetic
order, Curie point and exchange integral, Effect of temperature on different kinds
of magnetic materials and applications. Superconductivity: Introduction to superconductivity,
Zero-Resistance and Meissner Effect.
PH-403 Digital Electronics
Review of Number Systems: Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number system, their inter-conversion,
concepts of logic, truth table, basic logic gates. Boolean Algebra: De Morgan’s
theorem, simplification of Boolean expression by Boolean Postulates and theorem,
K-maps and their uses. Don’t care condition, Different codes. (BCD, ASCII, Gray
etc.). Parity in Codes. IC Logic Families: Basic characteristics of a logic family.
(Fan in/out, Propagation delay time, dissipation, noise margins etc. Different logic
based IC families (DTL, RTL, ECL, TTL, CMOS). Combinational Logic Circuit: Logic
circuits based on AND – OR, OR-AND, NAND, NOR Logic, gate design, addition, subtraction
(2’s compliments, half adder, full adder, half subtractor, full subtractor encoder,
decoder, PLA. Exclusive OR gate. Sequential Logic Circuit: Flip-flops clocked RS-FF,
D-FF, T-FF, JK-FF, Shift Register, Counters (Ring, Ripple, up-down, Synchronous)
A/D and D/A Converters. Memory Devices: ROM, PROM, EAPROM, EE PROM, RAM, (Static
and dynamic) Memory mapping techniques Micro Computers: Computers and its types,
all generation of computers,
PH-404 Computational Physics
Computer Languages: A brief introduction of the computer languages like Basic, C.
Pascal etc. and known software packages of computation Numerical Methods: Numerical
Solutions of equations, Regression and interpolation, Numerical integration and
differentiation. Error analysis and technique for elimination of systematic and
random errors Modeling & Simulations: Conceptual models, the mathematical models,
Random numbers and random walk, doing Physics with random numbers, Computer simulation,
Relationship of modeling and simulation. Some systems of interest for physicists
such as Motion of Falling objects, Kepler's problems, Oscillatory motion, Many particle
systems, Dynamic systems, Wave phenomena, Field of static charges and current, Diffusion,
Populations genetics etc
PH-405 Introduction to Photonics
Guided Wave Optics: Planar slab waveguides, Rectangular channel waveguides, Single
and multi-mode optical fibers, waveguide modes and field distributions, waveguide
dispersion, pulse propagation Gaussian Beam Propagation: ABCD matrices for transformation
of Gaussian beams, applications to simple resonators Electromagnetic Propagation
in Anisotropic Media: Reflection and transmission at anisotropic interfaces, Jones
Calculus, retardation plates, polarizers Electro-optics and Acousto-optics: Linear
electro-optic effect, Longitudinal and transverse modulators, amplitude and phase
modulation, Mach-Zehnder modulators, Coupled mode theory, Optical coupling between
waveguides, Directional couplers, Photoelastic effect, Acousto-optic interaction
and Bragg diffraction, Acousto-optic modulators, deflectors and scanners Optoelectronics:
p-n junctions, semiconductor devices: laser amplifiers, injection lasers, photoconductors,
photodiodes, photodetector noise.
PH-411 Introduction to Nanomaterials
Introduction to nanomaterials is an introductory course to the students intending
to do specialization in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The course includes the
brief introduction of nanomaterials, the properties of nanomaterials and their comparison
to the bulk materials. The synthesis of nanoparticles of different dimensionalities
will be thoroughly discussed. The last section includes the applications of nanomaterials
and the safety measurements against toxicity of materials. An introduction to nanoscience
and nanotechnology: Historical perspective, physical properties of bulk and nano-sized
nanostrucutres, surface energy, nucleation and growth of nanostrucutres, stabilization
of nanoparticles, synthesis methods for zero, one and two dimensional nanostructures,
discussion of methods, superlattices, self-assembly, Thiol-derivatised monolayer,
monolayers of acids, amines and alcohols, Langmuir-Blodgett films, electrochemical
deposition lithography techniques, top-down and bottom-up approaches, physical vapor
deposition, chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, applications of nanoparticles,
material safety and application
PH-412 Electronics Materials and Devices
Semiconductor Fundamentals: Composition, purity and structure of semiconductors,
energy band model, band gap and materials classification, charge, effective mass
and carrier numbers, density of states, the Fermi function and equilibrium distribution
of carriers, doping, n and p-type semiconductors and calculations involving carrier
concentrations, EF etc., temperature dependence of carrier concentrations, drift
current, mobility, resistivity and band bending, diffusion and total currents, diffusion
coefficients, recombination-generation, minority carrier life times and continuity
equations with problem solving examples. Device Fabrication Processes: Oxidation,
diffusion, ion implantation, lithography, thin-film deposition techniques like evaporation,
sputtering, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), epitaxy etc. PN Junction and Bipolar
Junction Transistor: Junction terminology, Poisson’s equation, qualitative solution,
the depletion approximation, quantitative electrostatic relationships, ideal diode
equation, non-idealities, BJT fundamentals, Junction field effect transistor, MOS
fundamentals, the essentials of MOSFETs. Dielectric Materials: Polarization mechanisms,
dielectric constant and dielectric loss, capacitor dielectric materials, piezoelectricity,
ferroelectricity and pyroelectricity
PH-413 Smart Nanomaterials
Brief introduction of nanoparticles, its scope , magnetic nanoparticles inside and
everywhere around , most extensively studied magnetic nanoparticles and their preparation,
metals, nanoparticles of rare earth metals, oxidation of metallic nanoparticles,
magnetic alloys , Fe–Co alloys, magnetic oxides, magnetic moments and their interactions
with magnetic fields. Bohr magneton, spin and orbital magnetic moments, magnetic
dipole moments in an external magnetic field, the spontaneous magnetization, anisotropy,
domains, the spontaneous magnetization, temperature dependence of the magnetization
in the molecular field approximation, Curie temperature in the Weiss Heisenberg
model curie temperature in the stoner model, the meaning of exchange in the Weiss
Heisenberg and stoner models, thermal excitations: spin waves, the magnetic anisotropy,
the shape anisotropy ,the magneto-crystalline anisotropy. Magnetic microstructure:
magnetic domains and domain walls, ferromagnetic domains, antiferromagnetic domains,
magnetization curves and hysteresis loops
PH-414 Surfaces and Interfaces
The brief introduction of structure of surfaces, defects, interaction of defects
and their observation, electronic states, charge distribution at surfaces, elasticity
theory of surface defects, thermodynamics of flat and curved surfaces, statistical
theromodynamics i.e. the free energy, vapor pressure of solid surfaces, adsorption
of molecules and ions, desorption, chemical bonding, surface phonons, adsorbate
modes, inelastic scattering of atoms and electrons, optical techniques for scattering
observations electronic, optical and magnetic properties of surfaces and the diffusion
phenomenon.
PH-415 Characterization of Materials
Overview of characterization techniques, light microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), Particle Size Analyzer, Transmission
Electron Microscopy (TEM) , Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray
Spectroscopy (EDS), Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy in the Transmission Electron
Microscope, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), XRD. Experimental
methods for structure determination-X-rays, properties of X-rays, diffraction of
X-rays, experimental methods and crystal determination techniques, X-Ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy (XPS), Photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
(FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Hall
Effects (electrical properties measurements).
PH-416 Functional properties of materials
Overview of quantum mechanics, electrons in a crystal field, Electrical properties:
band theory of metals and semiconductors, Fermi energy, density of states, effective
mass, conductivity of electrons in metals and semiconductors – classical and quantum
mechanical treatment, conduction in polymers, metal oxides, dielectric properties,
ferrroelectricity, piezoelectricity, Electronic properties: free electrons with
and without damping, reflectivity, Lorentz equations, Harmonic oscillators, optical
spectra of materials conduction and dispersion, Magnetic properties: Curie law,
Langevin theory of para- and dia-magnetism, molecular field theory, Heisenberg exchange
interaction, Weiss field, point-charge approximation, crystal fields, field induced
and 4f electron anisotropy, Magnetic properties: Origin of atomic moments, paramagnetism
of free ions, Brillouin function, Curie law, Langevin theory of para- and dia-magnetism,
molecular field theory, Heisenberg exchange interaction, Weiss field, point-charge
approximation, crystal fields, field induced and 4f electron anisotropy, Caloric
effects, magnetic anisotropy permanent magnets, domain walls, coercivity, hysteresis
loop, exchange coupling in rare-earth magnets, hard ferrites, soft magnetic materials,
random-anisotropy model, soft magnetism and grain size, Heat capacity, classical
theory, Debye model, Einstein model, electronic contribution, thermal conduction
in metals and alloys (classical and quantum consideration), thermal conduction of
dielectrics, electrical, optical and magnetic properties in nano regime
PH-416 Functional properties of materials
Quarks and leptons, Yukawa and electromagnetic interactions, weak, strong and gravitational
interactions, current conservation in the Maxwell’s equations, Lorentz and gauge
invariance in electromagnetism, the Klein-Gordon equation, the Dirac equation, Lorentz
transformation of spinors, solutions of the Dirac equation, electromagnetic interactions
via gauge principle, the quantum field, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism, relativity,
mass and four dimensions, qualitative introduction to interactions, the interaction
picture and S-matrix, the decay and scattering amplitude, the Yukawa exchange, the
complex scalar field, the Dirac field and the spin statistics, Coulomb scattering
of spin 0 and spin 1/2 particles, spin 0 and spin 1/2 scattering, electron-pion
scatterings crossing symmetry, Compton scattering, electron-muon scattering, electron-proton
elastic and inelastic scattering, the parton model, the quark parton model, the
Drell-Yan process, electron-positron annihilation into hadrons.
PH-432 Plasma Physics
Introduction to plasmas, how plasmas are produced, Debye length, plasma frequency,
number of electrons in a Debye sphere, the de-Broglie wavelength and quantum effects,
representative plasma parameters. Motion of a charged particle in a static uniform
magnetic field and in the presence of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields,
gravitational drift, gradient and curvature drifts. Motion in a magnetic mirror
field, drift-motion in a time varying electric and magnetic fields, adiabatic invariants,
conservation of J in time independent fields, the Hamiltonian method and chaotic
orbits. Fluid equations for a plasma, continuity equation, momentum balance equation,
equation of state, and two-fluid equations. Waves in cold plasma, Fourier representation
of waves, plasma oscillations, electron and ion waves, sound waves, electrostatic
ion waves perpendicular to magnetic field, lower-hybrid frequency. Electromagnetic
waves for unmagnetized and magnetized plasmas, Alfven waves, magnetosonic waves,
and ray paths in inhomogeneous plasmas. Introduction to controlled fusion: Basic
nuclear fusion reactions, reaction rates and power rates and power density, radiation
losses from plasmas, operational conditions.
PH-433 Group Theory
Correspondences and transformations, groups, definitions and examples, subgroups,
Cayley's theorem, Cosets, Lagrange's theorem, conjugate classes, invariant subgroups,
factor groups, homomorphism, direct products, quick review of linear vector spaces,
group representations, equivalent representations - characters, construction of
representations, invariance of functions and operators, operators, unitary representations,
Hilbert space Reducibity/irreducibility of a representation, Schur's Lemmas, Lie
groups, isomorphism, subgroups, mixed continuous groups, one parameter group, structure
constants, Lie algebras, compact semisimple Lie groups, linear representations,
invariant integration, irreducible representations, the Casimir operator, universal
covering group, systems of identical particles and SU(n), angular momentum analysis,
the Pauli principle, seniority in atomic spectra, atomic spectra in jj-coupling,
isotopic spin, nuclear spectra in L-S coupling, the L-S and jj-coupling shell model.
PH-434 Lasers and Quantum Optics
Review of quantum mechanics, Dirac’s notation, Pauli spin matrices, electromagnetic
waves and photons, wavelength and frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Spontaneous
and stimulated emission, absorption. Maser principle, cavity, gain medium, population
inversion, Boltzmann statistics, threshold condition. Three-level laser, properties
of a laser beams, black-body radiation theory. Modes of a rectangular cavity, Raleigh-Jeans
and Planck radiation formula. Semi-classical treatment of the interaction of radiation
and matter.. Diffraction optics in paraxial approximation. Passive optical resonators,
plane-parallel (Fabry-Perot) resonator, concentric, confocal, generalized spherical
and ring resonator. Eigen-modes and Eigen-values. Stability condition, unstable
resonator, photon lifetime and cavity Q. Q-switching, electro-optical, and acousto-optic
Q-switches, saturable absorber Q-switch. Theory of mode-locking, active and passive
mode-locking. Laser excitation techniques, optical, electrical, and chemical pumping,
laser pumping, excitation transfer, meta-stable states and lifetimes. Types of lasers,
solid-state, dye and semiconductor lasers, gas, chemical, free electron, and X-ray
lasers, laser applications.
PH-435 Introduction to Quantum Computation
Computer technology and historical background, Basic principles and postulates of
quantum mechanics: Quantum states, evolution, quantum measurement, superposition,
quantization from bits to qubits, operator function, density matrix, Schrodinger
equation, Schmidt decomposition, EPR and Bell’s inequality, Quantum Computation:
Quantum Circuits, Single qubit operation, Controlled operations, Measurement, Universal
quantum gates, Single qubit and CNOT gates, Breaking unbreakable codes: Code making,
Trapdoor function, One time pad, RSA cryptography, Code breaking on classical and
quantum computers, Schor’s algorithm, Quantum Cryptography: Uncertainty principle,
Polarization and Spin basis, BB84, BB90, and Ekert protocols, Quantum cryptography
with and without eavesdropping, Experimental realization, Quantum Search Algorithm.
PH-436 Quantum Information Theory
Review of Quantum Mechanics and overview of Quantum information: Postulates of quantum
mechanics, quantum states and observables, Dirac notation, projective measurements,
density operator, pure and mixed states, entanglement, tensor products, no-cloning
theorem, mixed states from pure states in a larger Hilbert space, Schmidt decomposition,
generalized measurements, (CP maps, POVMs), qualitative overview of Quantum Information.
Quantum Communication: Dense coding, teleportation, entanglement swapping, instantaneous
transfer of information, quantum key distribution. Entanglement and its (search
algorithm), modeling quantum measurements, Bekenstein bound, quantum error correction
(general conditions, stabilizer codes, 3-qubit codes, relationship with Maxwell’s
demon), fault tolerant quantum computation (overview). Physical Protocols for Quantum
Information and Computation: Ion trap, optical lattices, NMR, quantum optics, cavity
QED.
PH-601 Methods of Mathematical Physics
Second Order Differential Equations: Partial differential equations, Series solutions,
a second solution, non-homogeneous equations, Green function. Sturm Liouville Theory:
Self – Adjoint ODE’s, Hermitian Operators, Gram-Schmidt Orthoganalization. Laplace
transforms and inverse Laplace transforms, Laplace transform of periodic functions.
The convolution integral. Bessel Function: Bessel functions of first kind, Bessel
function of 2nd kind, Neumann functions, Hankel functions. Legendre Functions: Generating
function, recurrence relations, orthogonal, associated Legendre function, spherical
Harmonics, applications to spheroidal coordinate system Special Functions: Hermite
Functions, Laguerre Functions, Chebyshev polynomials, hypergeometric functions.
Fourier Transforms: integral Transform Methods. Integral Equations: Integral equations
integral transforms. Generating functions, Neumann series, Degenerate kernels, Hilbert-Schmidt
theory. Nonlinear Differential Equations and its Solutions: Classification of nonlinear
differential equation and its solutions.
PH-602 Electrodynamics
Maxwell equations and Maxell’s displacement current, vector and scalar potential,
Gauge Transforms, Lorentz and Coulomb gauge. Green’s function for conducting and
non-conducting sphere, Greens function for wave equation, Retarded solutions for
the fields, one dimensional Green’s function, two and three dimensional Green’s
functions, Dirac Delta function, properties and uses. Poynting’s theorem and conservation
laws, Poynting theorem in linear and dispersive medium, solution for harmonic fields,
transformation properties of electromagnetic fields and sources—under rotation.
Plane wave in a non-conducting medium, at the surface of and within a conductor,
cylindrical cavities and wave guides, modes in a rectangular waveguides, energy
flow and attenuation in waveguides. Power losses in a cavity and Q of a cavity,
Schulman resonances, multimode propagation in optical fibers. Modes in a planer
slab dielectric waveguides, modes in circular fibres, Fields in a hollow metallic
wave guide.
PH-603 Material Science
Why Study Materials Science and Engineering? Classification of Materials (metals,
ceramics, polymers, composites)). Properties (Mechanical, electrical and magnetic
properties). Equilibrium and Kinetics (stable, unstable and metastable equilibrium).
Review of thermodynamics terms (temperature, pressure, internal energy, enthalpy,
etc.). Atomic Structure. Atomic Bonding in Solids. Bonding Forces and Energies.
Primary Interatomic Bonds (ionic, covalent, metallic bonding).. Concept of diffraction
in a periodic lattice. Structural information from x-ray diffraction and other diffraction
techniques. Crystal structures of metals and ceramic materials. Point Defects. Vacancies
and Self-Interstitials.. Diffusion Mechanism. Steady-State Diffusion Nonsteady-State
Diffusion, Equilibrium diagrams having intermediate phases or compounds. Phase transformation:
Basic concepts, Kinetics of phase transformations, Metastable versus stable transformations,
Isothermal transformation diagrams, Continuous cooling transformation diagram.
PH-604 Advanced Quantum Mechanics - I
Time evolution and Schrödinger equation, the Schrödinger versus the Heisenberg picture,
interaction picture. Symmetries, conservation laws and degenerates. Discrete symmetries,
Parity or space inversion, Lattice Translation as discrete symmetries Classical
radiation field, Creation, annihilation and number operators, Quantization of radiation
field. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics of Spin 1/2 particles, probability conservation
in Relativistic quantum, the Dirac equation, Simple solutions, non-relativistic
approximations, plane wave solutions Relativistic invariance of Dirac equation transformation
properties of Dirac bilinear, adjoint Dirac equation, equation of continuity, constant
of motion The Klein- Gordon Equation, Derivation and Covariance, Klein's Paradox
and Zitterbewegung.
PH-605 Advanced Quantum Mechanics - II
Quantum mechanics of continuous systems, discretization, infinite matrices, calculation
of matrix elements between states characterized by continuous variables. Concept
of classical paths, principle of least action, introduction to path integrals, propagator,
simple harmonic oscillator in path integral representation. Adiabatic processes,
Berry phase in atomic and molecular physics, quantum Hall effect, coherent states.
Multiple vacua, tunneling phenomena, Supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Superconductivity
and superfluidity: Meisner effect, Landau-Ginsburg theory, Cooper pairs. Basics
of many body theory, particles and holes, RPA, Feynman diagrams for non-relativistic
systems. Quantum theory of measurement, EPR paradox, Bell’s theorem, quantum logic,
quantum computation.
PH-606 Statistical Physics
Intensive and extensive quantities, thermodynamic variables, thermodynamic limit,
thermodynamic transformations. Classical ideal gas, first law of thermodynamics,
application to magnetic systems, heat and entropy, Carnot cycle. Second law of thermodynamics,
absolute temperature, temperature as integrating factor, entropy of ideal gas. Conditions
for equilibrium, equation of state, Fermi gas at low temperatures, application to
electrons in solids and white dwarfs. The Bose gas: photons, phonons, Debye specific
heat, Bose-Einstein condensation, equation of state, liquid helium. Canonical and
grand canonical ensembles, partition function, connection with thermodynamics, fluctuations.
minimization of free energy, photon fluctuations, pair creation. The order parameter,
Broken symmetry, Ising spin model, Ginsburg – Landau theory, mean-field theory,
critical exponents, fluctuation-dissipation theorem, correlation length, universality
PH-710 Physics and Chemistry of Nanomaterials
When does size matter? Scales of Various Systems, Chemistry: atoms, molecules, clusters,
Top Down approach, Bottom up approach, Chemical Approaches: Wet Chemical Synthesis
of Nanomaterials, Sol gel process with examples.Gas phase synthesis of nanomaterials;
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), Furnace assisted synthesis, Gas Condensation Processing,Sputtered
Plasma Processing: Microwave Plasma Processing, Particle precipitation aided Chemical
Properties: reactivity and catalytic activity. Electronic and Optical properties:
particle in a box, quantum-size-effect (QSE), quantum dots (Q-particles), quantum
structures, and artificial atoms. Electrical Properties: size induced metal-insulator-transition
(SIMIT), clusters of metals and semiconductors, and one-dimensional conductive nanowires.
Mechanical Properties: nanostructured beams, and nanocomposites. Magnetic Properties:
nano-scale magnets, transparent magnetic materials, and ultrahigh-density magnetic
recording materials.
PH-711 Condensed Matter Physics
Band theory and electron correlations: Single electron in a periodic potential,
many electrons in a periodic potential, Hartree-Fock-LDA and beyond. Fermi liquid
theory and elementary excitations: Quasiparticles and Landau parameters, thermodynamics
of a Fermi liquid. Second quantization: Second quantization for fermions and bosons,
Quadratic Hamiltonians and canonical transformations. Quantization of lattice vibrations.
Green’s functions: Green’s function and response functions, Dyson and Bethe-Salpeter
equations, perturbation methods and Feynman diagrams, zero temperature versus finite
temperature formulation. Fermi liquid theory: microscopic formulation: Landau quasiparticles
as poles of Green’s function, Landau parameters, conservation law and Ward identities.
Quantum magnetism: Spin waves, spin path integral, quantum non-linear sigma model.
Modern applications: Kondo effect, quantum phase transitions, non-Fermi liquid.
PH-712 Thermodynamics of Materials
Concepts of Helmholtz free energy and Gibbs free energy. Energy-property relationships,
thermal equilibrium and chemical equilibrium. Gibbs-Helmholtz relationships. Equilibrium
constant and its variation with temperature, vant Hoff’s equation. Clapeyron equation.
Fugacity and chemical activity. ideal and regular solution models. Thermodynamics
of solutions, Gibbs- Duhem relationship. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation.
The effect of temperature and pressure on phase transformation. Mixing functions.
Excess functions. Thermodynamic properties and equilibrium phase diagrams. Phase
Rule, Gibbs free energy and entropy calculations. Typical equilibrium Phase diagrams.
Statistical mechanics/models in thermodynamics.
PH-720 Renewable Energy Sources
Introduction, importance of energy, world energy demand. Conventional energy sources,
renewable sources; potential, availability and present status of renewable sources.
Solar energy, physical principle of conversion of the solar radiation into heat,
flat-plate collectors., biogas generation, classification of biogas plants. Geothermal
sources, hydro-thermal geo- pressure, petro- thermal and magma resources, advantages
and limitation of geo- thermal energy. Introduction, global generating on growth
rate, prospects of nuclear fusion, safety and health hazards issues, global resources
and their assessment. Classification, micro, mini, small and large resources. Principles
of energy conversions, turbines, working and efficiency of from to small power systems,
environmental impacts.
PH-721 Physics of Solar Cells
An introduction to solar energy, direct and in direct sources of solar energy. Review
of semiconductor properties, materials and structural characteristics effecting
cell performance. Short-circuit current limit, open-circuit voltage limits, effects
of temperatures, short-circuit current losses, open-circuit voltage losses, fill
factor losses, efficiency measurement.. Contribution to saturation current density,
top-contact design, optical design, antireflection coating, textured surfaces, spectral
response, silicon single crystal wafers for solar cells and modules, module construction,
cell operating temperatures, module durability and circuit design. Advance materials
for solar cell, pre and post surface modification of solar cells, polishing and
chemical etching of basic photovoltaic materials. Annealing in various environments,
ion-implantation, energy storage, power control and system sizing. Uses of solar
cells in water pumping and residential systems, central power plants for space applications.
PH-730 Computational Physics
Introduction to symbolic computing (Matlab, Mathematica and Simulink), introduction
to computers, errors estimation, methods for roots of nonlinear equations, linear
system simulations (Gauss-elimination, Jacobi method, Gauss-Seidel method, LU decomposition),
Eigen-value problems; Linear and nonlinear regressions, computational integration
and differentiation, Ordinary Differential Equations (Euler method, Improved Euler
method, KR-methods), Multi-step methods; Partial differential equations, introduction
to Monte Carlo methods, Genetic Algorithms.
PH-731 Mathematical Modeling & Simulation
Introduction to mathematical modeling, fundamentals of simulation, Introduction
to Matlab and Simulink, block model development in Simulink, first order models
(examples from fluids, biophysics, physics, electrical systems and mechanical systems),
second order systems and models (example on homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear
systems coupled or simultaneous systems (examples from fluids and population, electrical
and mechanical systems), nonlinear systems and simulation methods; stochastic models
and simulation methods (discrete and continuous systems), probability density functions
and sampling methods, random walks, introduction to MC techniques.
PH-760 Semiconductor Theory
Crystal Structure, Atomic Bonding, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, Energy
Bands, Density of States, Nearly Free Electron Model, Kronig-Penny Model, Energy
Bands for Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors Fermi-Dirac Statistics, Carrier
Concentrations in Thermal Equilibrium in Intrinsic Semiconductors and Semiconductors
with Impurity Levels. Thermoelectric and Thermomagnetic Effects, Quantum Transport.
Diffusion processes, Diffusion and Drift of Carriers, The Continuity Equation, Direct
and Indirect Recombination of Electrons and Holes, Steady State Carrier Injection,
Optical Absorption, Interband Transitions, Photoconductivity, Luminescence. Ohmic,
Blocking and Neutral Metal-Semiconductor Contacts, PN-Junction under Equilibrium
Conditions, Forward and Reverse-Biased Junctions, Reverse-Bias Breakdown, Deviations
from the Simple Theory.
PH-761 Physics of magnetic materials
Magnetism & various magnetic materials with their applications, classical and quantum
phenomenology of magnetism. orbital motion of a single electron, spin states of
a single electron, states of isolated ions, ions in magnetic fields, spectroscopic
investigations Quantum Mechanics, Magnetism and Bonding in Metals. Spontaneous magnetic
order, ferromagnetisms in elements, ferromagnetism in alloys, ferromagnetism in
non-metallic compounds, ferromagnetism & anti-ferromagnetism, linear and helical
magnetism. magnetocrystalline anisotropy, shape anisotropy and stress anisotropy
diamagnetism of isolated atoms and ions, diamagnetism of crystalline solids, diamagnetic
resonance or cyclotron resonance, the main classes of paramagnetic solids, paramagnetism
due to ions of rare-earth and transition elements, paramagnetism of metals, free
radicals and molecular paramagnetism, paramagnetic relaxation. Soft Magnetic Materials
theory and applications. Amorphous Materials: magnetism and disorder. Magnetism
in Small Structures exchange coupling and nanocrystals.
PH-762 Experimental Techniques
Characterization of electromagnetic radiation, and its interaction with matter.
Diffraction of x-ray and neutrons by crystalline material. Qualitative and quantitative
analysis of the diffraction patterns. Energy dispersive and wavelength dispersive
analysis, thermal analysis, Differential Calorimetric analysis. Thermal Gravimetric
analysis (TGA). Molecular spectroscopy techniques, IR spectroscopy, UV-ViS spectroscopy,
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),( FTIR), gamma-ray spectroscopy, Mossbauer
spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).Understanding
of the data analysis qualitatively and quantitatively. Errors and Data Analysis:
Errors of observation: accidental and systematic errors. Errors in compounds quantities,
in products, in quotient in sum or difference. Frequency distributions and related
terminology, methods of least squares, weighted mean and its standard error, curve
fitting and accuracy of co-efficient.
PH-763 Surface Physics
The surface as an especially important object for physical investigation. Influece
of the surface on physical properties of objects. Clean and covered surfaces. Adsorbtion
and catalysis. What is UHV: Vacuum concepts and UHV hardware. The methods to get
clean surfaces. The structure of surfaces. Short overview of modern experimental
techniques. Lattice concept. 3 D crystal structures, 2D surface structures. Specific
types of surface, fcc, hcp, bcc and stepped surfaces and a discussion of their relative
energies. More complex to the theory and practice of SIMS, SIMS imaging and depth
profiling, Auger depth profiling, theory and practice of Rutherford. Back scattering.
Classification of microscopy techniques, Basic concepts in Surface imaging and localized
spectroscopy, Imaging XPS, Optical microscopy, STEM. SEM.SPM. An introduction to
the theory and practice of scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Scanning probe microscopy
techniques, Atomic Force Microscopy.
PH-764 Optical Properties of Solids
Maxwell equations, dielectric optical response, refractive index and absorption,
Lorentz oscillator model, dispersion relations, Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation, Drude
theory and basic plasma opticslight scattering, Raman and Brillouin scattering,
coherent Raman spectroscopy. Direct and indirect gap semiconductors, energy and
momentum conservation in band-to-band transitions, optical absorption and quantum
mechanical time-dependent perturbation theory, dipole-allowed optical transition
in the parabolic band approximation, indirect optical transitions, excitons, two-particle
Schrodinger equation, selection rules, first-class dipole allowed transitions, second-class
dipole allowed transitions, , excitons in quantum wells. Franz-Keldysh effect, DC
Stark effect, exciton ionization, quantum-confined dc-Stark effect.Overview of Semiconductor
Optical Nonlinearities: Phase-space blocking, screening, bandgap renormalization,
thermal nonlinearities, optical Stark effect, two-photon absorption. Basic operation
principles of LED's and lasers, doping p-n junctions forward and reverse bias, I-V
curves, semiconductor lasers, photodetectors.
PH-765 Conducting polymers
Basics of conducting polymers Synthesis, structures and morphology; Conductivity
Properties: Semiconductor models and conductivity mechanisms in conducting polymers;
Doping reactions: Composites, copolymers, conductive polymer thin films; Electrochromic
and electrochemical properties of conducting polymers; Solubility and processing
of conducting polymers; conducting polymer coatings, Characterization methods: Electrical,
mechanical and electrochemical characterizations; Application fields of conducting
polymers: Sensor applications, photovoltaic applications; supercapacitor applications,
recent activities in the field of conducting polymers.
PH-766 Biophysics
Introduction, Chemical bonding, Energies forces and bonds, Energy bands, Thermodynamics
and statistical mechanics, Reaction rates, Transport processes, Biological polymers,
Biological membranes, Biological energy, Movement of organisms, Excitable membranes,
Nerve signals, Memory, Biological motors.
PH-770 Environmental Physics
Principal layers, troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, Ideal gas
model revisited,exponential variation of pressure with height, Escape velocity,
Temperature structure and lapse rate. The Sun as the prime source of energy for
the earth, Solar energy input, cycles daily and annual, Spectrum of solar radiation
reaching the earth, Total radiation and the Stefan Boltzmann,. Thermodynamics of
moist air and cloud formation, Growth of water droplets in clouds, Rain and thunderstorms.
Measuring the wind; the Beaufort scale, Origin of winds; the atmosphere as a heat
engine, The principal forces acting on an air parcel, Cyclones and anticyclones,
Thermal gradients and winds, Global convection and global wind patterns. Design
of buildings. Atmospheric pollution; acid rain: Systems approaches to environmental
issues, Acid rain as a regional problem. Sound and noise: Definition of the decibel
and A-weighted sound levels, Measures of noise levels; effect of noise levels on
hearing, Domestic noise; design of partitions.
PH-771 Photovoltaic Technology
Early attempts at solar, declining costs of PV, Definition of Gen I, Gen II, and
Gen III PV technologies, Solar resources planet-wide, Applications, Utility scale,
"Distributed grid" rooftop applications, Current usage of solar PV. Capacity factor
calculations, Comparison of solar PV to other Methods, Daily energy demand variations
and peak usage, Energy storage methods and Costs, Differences in economic case for
point of use PV versus utility scale power generation. Monocrystalline Si, Polycrystalline
Si, Si thin film, CdTe and CIGS, High performance multijunction cells. Cell classification,
Front side ribbon soldering, Cell interconnects and "stringing", Electrical circuit
assembly, Laminate assembly, CPV. Power output, footprint, and cost: Effects of
latitude and climate, Tracking Systems, Balance of system (inverters, mounting racks,
installation costs). a-Si, CIGS, CdTe, Exotics. Discrete cell panels; Construction
overview, Stringing, Layout, Wiring, Final Test. Thin Film Panels; Construction
overview, Advantages over discrete, Fabrication techniques, Test. PQ standards &
measurements, Case studies.
PH-772 Solar Thermal Power Technology
Models for radiation analysis and beam radiation calculations, evaluation and estimation
of the solar resources. Thermal conversion of solar radiation, the concentration
of solar radiation, overview of solar concentrating technology. Parabolic trough,
paraboloidic dish: continuous type and Fresnel type. single axis and double axis
trackings. Solar Parabolic trough; design considerations, tracking and control systems,
thermal design of receivers. Solar parabolic dish; design considerations, Sterling
engine, Brayton cycle, tracking and control systems. Solar tower concepts; tower
design, heliostat design, receiver types, trackingand control systems. Material
and product/technology overview for the above technologies. Linear Fresnel reflector,
Solar chimney. Technology overview, design considerations, materials. Performance
study, site selection and land requirement.
PH-773 Bio-Energy Technology
Current energy consumption, overview of biofuel/bioenergy and biorefinery concepts.
Fundamental concepts in understanding biofuel/bioenergy production Renewable feedstocks
and their production. Feedstocks availability, characterization and attributes for
biofuel/bioenergy production Biomass preprocessing: drying, size reduction, and
densification. Various biofuels/bioenergy from biomass. Biomass conversion to heat
and power: thermal gasification of biomass, anaerobic Digestion. Biomass conversion
to biofuel: thermochemical conversion, syngas Fermentation Biochemical conversion
to ethanol: biomass pretreatment. Different enzymes, enzyme hydrolysis, and their
applications in ethanol production Biodiesel production from oil seeds, waste oils
and algae. Environmental impacts of biofuel production. Energy balance and life-cycle
analysis of biofuel production. Value-added processing of biofuel residues and co-products.
H-776 Monte Carlo Methods
Introduction to stochastic techniques, random number generation, probability theory,
probability distribution functions, discrete and continuous pdfs, direct sampling
methods, rejection techniques, importance sampling methods, random walks, diffusion
and biased diffusion, Metropolis algorithm and its applications, error estimation
and error reduction techniques, multivariate distributions, random walk filters,
applications of MC methods (Ising model, Heisenberg model in statistical physics,
neutron transport, radiation transport, study cases using large computer codes using
MC methods such as GEANT-4, MCNP etc.
PH-777 Non-Linear Dynamics in Physics
Dynamical systems, phase space, Poincare section, spectral analysis, Basin of attraction,
bifurcation diagrams; the Logistic map, period doubling, Lyapunov exponents, entropy;
Characterization of chaotic attractors; prediction of chaotic states, method of
analogues, linear approximation method, modification of chaotic states; spatio-temporal
chaos, intermittency; Quantum maps, chaos in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics,
driven systems; inter-mode traces in the propagator for particle in the box.
PH-778 Computational Statistical Physics
Review of thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics. Empirical equation of state.
Ideal gas laws. Van der Waal’s equation. Critical Phenomenon. Hugoniot equation.
Mie-Gruneisen equation. Semi-empirical theory of Gruneisen ratio. Theoretical calculations
of equation of state. Exactly soluble models. Classical ideal gas. Non-interacting
Fermi gas. Non-interacting Bose gas. Paramagnets. Ising model. Approximate methods.
Thomson-Fermi model. Debye-Huckle theory. Statistical mechanics of Plasmas. Cluster
expansions. Computer based calculations of equation of state. Methods of molecular
dynamics and Monte Carlo Techniques.
PH-779 Computational Condensed Matter Physics
Scattering theory, quantum scattering, calculation of cross-sections; Variational
techniques, solution of generalized eigenvalue problems; Hartree-Fock method, the
helium atom, many electron system, Slater determinants; Density functional theory,
local approximation, exchange and correlation, applications; Molecular dynamics
simulations, molecular systems, Langevin dynamics, ensembles and integrators, quantum
molecular dynamics; Stochastic techniques; quantum Monte Carlo: variational diffusion,
path-integral.
PH-780 Special Topics in Physics - I
This is a course on advances in Physics not already covered in the syllabus. This
special paper may be conducted as a lecture course or as an independent study course.
The topic and contents of this paper must be approved by the BOS, AU.
PH-781 Special Topics in Physics - II
This is a course on advances in Physics not already covered in the syllabus. This
special paper may be conducted as a lecture course or as an independent study course.
The topic and contents of this paper must be approved by the BOS, AU.